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1 labour
['leɪbə(r)] 1. (US labor) n( hard work) ciężka praca f; ( work force) siła f robocza; ( work done by work force) praca f; ( MED)2. vi 3. vtLabour, the Labour Party ( BRIT) — Partia Pracy
hard labour — ( toil) harówka (inf); ( punishment) ciężkie roboty
* * *['leibə] 1. noun1) (hard work: The building of the cathedral involved considerable labour over two centuries; People engaged in manual labour are often badly paid.) (ciężka) praca2) (workmen on a job: The firm is having difficulty hiring labour.) siła robocza3) ((in a pregnant woman etc) the process of childbirth: She was in labour for several hours before the baby was born.) poród4) (used (with capital) as a name for the Socialist party in the United Kingdom.) Partia Pracy2. verb1) (to be employed to do hard and unskilled work: He spends the summer labouring on a building site.) harować2) (to move or work etc slowly or with difficulty: They laboured through the deep undergrowth in the jungle; the car engine labours a bit on steep hills.) poruszać się z trudem, pracować z mozołem•- laboriously
- laboriousness
- labourer
- labour court
- labour dispute
- labour-saving -
2 mobilize
['məubɪlaɪz] 1. vtwork force organizować (zorganizować perf); country, army, organization mobilizować (zmobilizować perf)2. vi ( MIL)* * *[-bi-]verb (to make (especially troops, an army etc), or become, ready for use or action.) telefon komórkowy -
3 pressure
['prɛʃə(r)] 1. n( physical force) nacisk m, ucisk m; (of air, water) ciśnienie nt; ( fig) ( demand) naciski pl; ( stress) napięcie nt2. vtto pressure sb (to do sth) — zmuszać (zmusić perf) kogoś (do zrobienia czegoś)
to put pressure on sb (to do sth) — wywierać (wywrzeć perf) presję na kogoś (, by coś zrobił)
high/low pressure — wysokie/niskie ciśnienie
* * *['preʃə]1) ((the amount of force exerted by) the action of pressing: to apply pressure to a cut to stop bleeding; A barometer measures atmospheric pressure.) ucisk, ciśnienie2) ((a) strain or stress: The pressures of her work are sometimes too much for her.) presja, napięcie3) (strong persuasion; compulsion or force: He agreed under pressure.) nacisk, presja•- pressurise
- pressure cooker -
4 strain
[streɪn] 1. n( pressure) obciążenie nt; ( MED) ( physical) nadwerężenie nt; ( mental) stres m; ( of virus) szczep m; ( breed) odmiana f- strains2. vt 3. vito strain to hear/see — wytężać (wytężyć perf) słuch/wzrok
* * *I 1. [strein] verb1) (to exert oneself or a part of the body to the greatest possible extent: They strained at the door, trying to pull it open; He strained to reach the rope.) wysilać się2) (to injure (a muscle etc) through too much use, exertion etc: He has strained a muscle in his leg; You'll strain your eyes by reading in such a poor light.) nadwyrężać3) (to force or stretch (too far): The constant interruptions were straining his patience.) wyczerpywać4) (to put (eg a mixture) through a sieve etc in order to separate solid matter from liquid: She strained the coffee.) odcedzać2. noun1) (force exerted; Can nylon ropes take more strain than the old kind of rope?) naprężenie2) ((something, eg too much work etc, that causes) a state of anxiety and fatigue: The strain of nursing her dying husband was too much for her; to suffer from strain.) wysiłek, przemęczenie3) ((an) injury especially to a muscle caused by too much exertion: muscular strain.) naciągnięcie4) (too great a demand: These constant delays are a strain on our patience.) nadużywanie•- strained- strainer
- strain off II [strein] noun1) (a kind or breed (of animals, plants etc): a new strain of cattle.) rasa2) (a tendency in a person's character: I'm sure there's a strain of madness in her.) skłonność3) ((often in plural) (the sound of) a tune: I heard the strains of a hymn coming from the church.) dźwięki -
5 hard
[hɑːd] 1. adjobject, surface, drugs twardy; question, problem trudny; work, life ciężki; person surowy; evidence niepodważalny, niezbity; drink mocny2. advI find it hard to believe that … — trudno mi uwierzyć, że …
* * *1. adjective1) (firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc: The ground is too hard to dig.) twardy2) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) trudny3) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) surowy4) ((of weather) severe: a hard winter.) srogi5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) ciężki6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) twarda (o wodzie)2. adverb1) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) ciężko2) (with great force; heavily: Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard.) mocno3) (with great attention: He stared hard at the man.) uważnie4) (to the full extent; completely: The car turned hard right.) zupełnie, całkiem•- harden- hardness
- hardship
- hard-and-fast
- hard-back
- hard-boiled
- harddisk
- hard-earned
- hard-headed
- hard-hearted
- hardware
- hard-wearing
- be hard on
- hard at it
- hard done by
- hard lines/luck
- hard of hearing
- a hard time of it
- a hard time
- hard up -
6 active
['æktɪv]adjperson, life aktywny; volcano czynnyto play an active part in — odgrywać (odegrać perf) czynną rolę w +loc
* * *['æktiv]1) (energetic or lively; able to work etc: At seventy, he's no longer very active.) czynny, aktywny2) ((busily) involved: She is an active supporter of women's rights.) zaangażowany3) (causing an effect or effects: Yeast is an active ingredient in bread-making.) czynny4) (in force: The rule is still active.) w mocy, obowiązujący5) ((of volcanoes) still likely to erupt.) czynny6) (of the form of a verb in which the subject performs the action of the verb: The dog bit the man.) czynny•- actively
- activity -
7 drive
[draɪv] 1. n( journey) jazda f or podróż f (samochodem); (also: driveway) wjazd m, droga f dojazdowa; ( energy) werwa f, zapał m; ( campaign) działania pl; (SPORT) uderzenie nt; (also: disk drive) stacja f dysków2. vt; pt drove, pp drivenvehicle prowadzić, kierować +instr; ( TECH) motor, wheel napędzać; animal prowadzić (poprowadzić perf); ball posyłać (posłać perf); (incite, encourage) kierować +instr; nail, stake3. vi; pt drove, pp drivento drive sth into sth — wbijać (wbić perf) coś w coś
( as driver) prowadzić (samochód), jeździć samochodem; ( travel) jechać (pojechać perf) (samochodem)to go for a drive — wybierać się (wybrać się perf) na przejażdżkę
left-/right-hand drive — lewostronny/prawostronny układ kierowniczy
front-/rear-/four-wheel drive — napęd na przednie/tylne/cztery koła
to drive sb home/to the airport — zawozić (zawieźć perf) or odwozić (odwieźć perf) kogoś do domu/na lotnisko
to drive sb mad — doprowadzać (doprowadzić perf) kogoś do szału
to drive sb to sth — doprowadzać (doprowadzić perf) kogoś do czegoś
she drove him to move out — doprowadziła do tego, że się wyprowadził
Phrasal Verbs:* * *1. past tense - drove; verb1) (to control or guide (a car etc): Do you want to drive (the car), or shall I?) jechać, prowadzić samochód2) (to take, bring etc in a car: My mother is driving me to the airport.) odwozić, przywozić3) (to force or urge along: Two men and a dog were driving a herd of cattle across the road.) pędzić, poganiać4) (to hit hard: He drove a nail into the door; He drove a golf-ball from the tee.) w(y)bijać5) (to cause to work by providing the necessary power: This mill is driven by water.) poruszać2. noun1) (a journey in a car, especially for pleasure: We decided to go for a drive.) przejażdżka2) (a private road leading from a gate to a house etc: The drive is lined with trees.) prywatny dojazd, aleja3) (energy and enthusiasm: I think he has the drive needed for this job.) energia4) (a special effort: We're having a drive to save electricity.) kampania, akcja5) (in sport, a hard stroke (with a golf-club, a cricket bat etc).) uderzenie6) ((computers) a disk drive.)•- driver- driver's license
- drive-in
- drive-through
- driving licence
- be driving at
- drive off
- drive on -
8 keep (some)one's nose to the grindstone
(to (force someone to) work hard, without stopping.) harowaćEnglish-Polish dictionary > keep (some)one's nose to the grindstone
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9 keep (some)one's nose to the grindstone
(to (force someone to) work hard, without stopping.) harowaćEnglish-Polish dictionary > keep (some)one's nose to the grindstone
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10 plough
[plau] 1. (US plow) npług m2. vtto plough money into — wkładać (włożyć perf) pieniądze w +acc
Phrasal Verbs:* * *1. noun(a type of farm tool pulled through the top layer of the soil to turn it over.) pług2. verb1) (to turn over (the earth) with such a tool: The farmer was ploughing (in) a field.) orać2) (to travel with difficulty, force a way etc: The ship ploughed through the rough sea; I've all this work to plough through.) brnąć3) (to crash: The lorry ploughed into the back of a bus.) wryć się -
11 strike
[straɪk] 1. n( of workers) strajk m; ( attack) uderzenie nt2. vt; pt, pp struckperson, thing uderzać (uderzyć perf); oil etc natrafiać (natrafić perf) na +acc; deal zawierać (zawrzeć perf); coin, medal wybijać (wybić perf); ( fig) ( occur to) uderzać (uderzyć perf)3. vi; pt, pp struckworkers strajkować (zastrajkować perf); illness, snake atakować (zaatakować perf); clock bić, wybijać (wybić perf) godzinę; killer uderzać (uderzyć perf)to strike a balance — zachowywać (zachować perf) proporcje
to strike a bargain with sb — ubijać (ubić perf) z kimś interes
when personal disaster strikes … — gdy kogoś dotknie osobiste nieszczęście, …
to strike a match — zapalać (zapalić perf) zapałkę
Phrasal Verbs:* * *1. past tense - struck; verb1) (to hit, knock or give a blow to: He struck me in the face with his fist; Why did you strike him?; The stone struck me a blow on the side of the head; His head struck the table as he fell; The tower of the church was struck by lightning.) uderzać2) (to attack: The enemy troops struck at dawn; We must prevent the disease striking again.) uderzać, atakować3) (to produce (sparks or a flame) by rubbing: He struck a match/light; He struck sparks from the stone with his knife.) krzesać4) ((of workers) to stop work as a protest, or in order to force employers to give better pay: The men decided to strike for higher wages.) strajkować5) (to discover or find: After months of prospecting they finally struck gold/oil; If we walk in this direction we may strike the right path.) natrafić na6) (to (make something) sound: He struck a note on the piano/violin; The clock struck twelve.) wybijać, uderzać7) (to impress, or give a particular impression to (a person): I was struck by the resemblance between the two men; How does the plan strike you?; It / The thought struck me that she had come to borrow money.) robić wrażenie8) (to mint or manufacture (a coin, medal etc).) wybijać9) (to go in a certain direction: He left the path and struck (off) across the fields.) ruszyć10) (to lower or take down (tents, flags etc).) zwijać, opuszczać2. noun1) (an act of striking: a miners' strike.) strajk2) (a discovery of oil, gold etc: He made a lucky strike.) odkrycie•- striker- striking
- strikingly
- be out on strike
- be on strike
- call a strike
- come out on strike
- come
- be within striking distance of
- strike at
- strike an attitude/pose
- strike a balance
- strike a bargain/agreement
- strike a blow for
- strike down
- strike dumb
- strike fear/terror into
- strike home
- strike it rich
- strike lucky
- strike out
- strike up -
12 take effect
(to begin to work; to come into force: When will the drug take effect?) zadziałać -
13 task
[tɑːsk]nzadanie ntto take sb to task — udzielać (udzielić perf) komuś nagany
* * *(a piece of especially hard work; a duty that must be done: household tasks.) zadanie -
14 volunteer
[vɔlən'tɪə(r)] 1. nochotnik(-iczka) m(f)2. vt 3. vizgłaszać się (zgłosić się perf) na ochotnikato volunteer to do sth — ofiarować się (zaofiarować się perf) coś zrobić
* * *[volən'tiə] 1. verb1) (to offer oneself for a particular task, of one's own free will (often without being paid for such work): He volunteered to act as messenger; She volunteered for the dangerous job.) zaofiarować się, zgłaszać się na ochotnika2) (to offer (eg an opinion, information etc): Two or three people volunteered suggestions.) zaofiarować, zgłaszać dobrowolnie2. noun(a person who offers to do, or does, something (especially who joins the army) of his own free will: If we can get enough volunteers we shall not force people to join the Army.) ochotnik
См. также в других словарях:
work force — work′ force or work′force n. 1) the total number of workers in a specific undertaking: a holiday for the company s work force[/ex] 2) the total number of persons employed or employable, as in a country Also called labor force • Etymology: 1940–45 … From formal English to slang
work force — index personnel Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
work force — noun the force of workers available (Freq. 1) • Syn: ↑workforce, ↑manpower, ↑hands, ↑men • Hypernyms: ↑force, ↑personnel • Hyponyms … Useful english dictionary
work force — 1. the total number of workers in a specific undertaking: a holiday for the company s work force. 2. the total number of persons employed or employable: a sharp increase in the nation s work force. Also, workforce. Also called labor force. [1940… … Universalium
work·force — /ˈwɚkˌfoɚs/ noun [singular] 1 : the group of people who work for a particular organization or business We have a workforce of 2,400 people. 2 : the number of people in a country or area who are available for work the nation s workforce … Useful english dictionary
work force — manpower, force of workers available, hands; full group of employees in a company (Business); percentage of workers in a country in relation to the total population … English contemporary dictionary
Work permit — is a generic term for a legal authorization which allows a person to take employment. It is most often used in reference to instances where a person is given permission to work in a country where one does not hold citizenship, but is also used in … Wikipedia
Work-life balance — The expression work life balance was first used in the late 1970s to describe the balance between an individual s work and personal life. (New Ways to Work and the Working Mother s Association in the United Kingdom). In the United States, this… … Wikipedia
work party — noun an organized group of workmen • Syn: ↑gang, ↑crew • Derivationally related forms: ↑gang (for: ↑gang) • Hypernyms: ↑unit, ↑ … Useful english dictionary
Work — (w[^u]rk), n. [OE. work, werk, weorc, AS. weorc, worc; akin to OFries. werk, wirk, OS., D., & G. werk, OHG. werc, werah, Icel. & Sw. verk, Dan. v[ae]rk, Goth. gawa[ u]rki, Gr. e rgon, [digamma]e rgon, work, re zein to do, o rganon an instrument,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Work hardening — Work hardening, also known as strain hardening or cold working, is the strengthening of a metal by plastic deformation. This strengthening occurs because of dislocation movements within the crystal structure of the material.[1] Any material with… … Wikipedia